arXiv:2611.09702v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The article presents a nonlinear adaptive control strategy for a class of feedback-linearizable systems subject to process faults and disturbance. The controller is derived through Lyapunov analysis and incorporates an adaptive proportional gain within a PD-like structure, preserving simplicity while providing nonlinear adaptive behavior. A residual-based gating mechanism activates the adaptation only when the tracking error exceeds a prescribed threshold, preventing unnecessary gain updates during nominal operation and improving robustness to noise. The proposed design yields uniform global ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop signals, with explicit expressions for the steady-state tracking bound. Practical tuning guidelines for the adaptive parameters and Lyapunov matrix selection are provided to ensure consistent gating behavior. Simulations on a precision positioning system illustrate effective compensation of process faults, rapid gain escalation during degraded conditions, and smooth reversion to nominal performance, demonstrating that the method enhances fault tolerance while retaining the structural simplicity of PD control.