arXiv:2611.08722v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The integration of vehicle-to-grid (V2G), in which electric vehicle (EV) owners can send electricity from their vehicles back to the grid, is an emerging solution to enhance grid resilience. However, V2G deployment in the United States lags behind many other countries. This can be attributed to a broad range of factors, and to investigate them, this study analyzes semi-structured interviews with stakeholders using inductive-deductive qualitative coding. Results from the interviews are coded across financial, technical, social, political, and organizational dimensions in order to understand the three main deployment factors of drivers, benefits, and barriers of V2G. Once coded, the relationships between these factors are used to construct a cognitive map to identify actions that will most effectively drive V2G deployment. The results indicate that grid resilience and decarbonization are seen as the main benefits of V2G. User willingness to participate, a lack of technological readiness and standardization, prohibitive costs, and unsupportive laws and policies are among the most frequently cited barriers. Connections in the cognitive map indicate that the most closely related drivers for mitigating these barriers are user compensation for battery degradation, community outreach, the creation of grid interconnection standards and protocols, and supportive grants and policy frameworks for V2G piloting and adoption.