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Capability-Gated Language Models: Security Composes, Utility Does Not
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arXiv:2609.00445v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Deployed language model safeguards (safety fine-tuning, filtering, unlearning) vary by principal only outside the model weights: filters are reconfigured, tiers are multiplied, and artefacts are reissued; inside one set of weights every request meets the same model configuration. This motivates us to define capability-gated deployment: per-principal access control inside one set of weights, whose configurations form a lattice - meets accumulate a principal's restrictions and joins pool a coalition's reach. We instantiate it by sparse rank gating over an existing nested-factorisation mechanism, guide profile search with one-pass attribution, and read every result once from a pre-registered held-out split. Security approximately composes: provably exactly at meets under a monotone-elicitation assumption we falsify pointwise. In two lineages the median held-out meet deepens suppression; the one effect surviving correction strengthens it. Utility does not: individually harmless profiles can compose to retention and fluency damage, and no compositional bound exists.
Source:https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.00445PreviousAgenra: A Language and Verified Core for Stateful LLM Agent AuthorizationNextActions with Receipts: Jointly Binding Claims, Evidence, and Execution for Replayable Tool-Agent Auditing
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