arXiv:2607.02377v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In this paper, we study generalized rank weights (GRWs) and extended generalized poset weight (EGPWs) of codes over rings via a Galois connection approach. First, we show that various coding-theoretic properties related to generalized weights, including security drops of a code employed in wire-tap channel of type II, connections between generalized weights of a Gabidulin code and its associated Delsarte code, (generalized) Singleton bound, MDS discrepancy of a code, characterizations of MDS, near MDS, $i$-MDS, MRD, near MRD, $i$-MRD, (dually) quasi-MRD codes as well as evasive property of subspaces, can be reformulated in terms of Galois connections. Next, we study GRWs and rank profiles defined for modules over principal ideal rings, especially those over chain rings. Generalizing GRWs defined for vector spaces over fields, we establish a singleton bound and a Wei-type duality theorem, characterize MRD, near MRD and dually quasi-MRD codes and determine their GRWs; moreover, we characterize $i$-MRD codes and establish a scattered bound for $(h,h)$-evasive codes over chain rings, generalizing counterpart result established for vector space over finite fields. Finally, we propose and study EGPWs and extended poset profiles defined for modules with a composition series, which in fact form a Galois connection. Generalizing EGPWs defined for modules over finite Galois rings, we establish a Wei-type duality theorem for modules over arbitrary quasi-Frobenius rings, which unifies the two Wei-type duality theorems derived in both \cite{32} and \cite{33}.