arXiv:2610.20671v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Eye diseases are a major global cause of blindness and vision impairment, highlighting the need for accurate and early diagnosis to prevent further deterioration. Despite advances in medical imaging, classifying retinal diseases from fundus images remains challenging due to the complexity and subtlety of visual features. This study aims to develop and validate LightHybridNet, a novel lightweight hybrid deep learning framework, to improve the classification of eye diseases from fundus images. The model incorporates architectural features, such as depthwise separable convolutions and compound scaling mechanisms, to enhance diagnostic accuracy and robustness. To validate the model, the ODIR-5K dataset, comprising 8 disease categories, was used. To enhance image quality, pre-processing approaches were applied, including histogram equalisation, colour space conversion, and contrast adjustment, resulting in high-resolution images. Furthermore, image augmentation was employed to increase the dataset size, thereby improving the model's ability to generalise during training. The hybrid architecture helps the model concentrate on relevant image regions while capturing and integrating details at different scales, significantly improving classification performance. To evaluate its effectiveness, the model was compared with transfer-learning models. The results show that LightHybridNet outperforms the baselines, achieving a weighted F1-score of 91.51%, a macro AUC of 98.26%, and a Cohen's Kappa of 90.14% on the validation set. Furthermore, model interpretability was enhanced using explainable AI methods, including Grad-CAM, to identify and emphasise features influencing the decision-making process. LightHybridNet represents a promising advancement in automated ocular disease detection, offering improved diagnostic reliability for clinical use.