arXiv:2610.23420v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As a waveform candidate for next-generation wireless systems, affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) has often been compared with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) under different configurations, while a systematic comparison of their pilot-based sensing performance remains lacking. This paper establishes a comparison with the same bandwidth, frame duration, pilot energy, and reserved-resource overhead. OFDM-random, OFDM-fixed-comb, and OFDM-shifted-comb pilots are compared with AFDM pilots surrounded by guard resources using aperiodic ambiguity functions without cyclic prefix/chirp-periodic prefix (CP/CPP) and cyclic ambiguity functions with CP/CPP, followed by target detection experiments. The results show that OFDM-fixed-comb exhibits low range sidelobes but periodic range ambiguity peaks, while AFDM and OFDM-shifted-comb effectively suppress zero-Doppler range ambiguities. Within the common unambiguous region, all pilot configurations for both waveforms exhibit similar detection thresholds in strong-target detection, while structured OFDM and AFDM pilot placements outperform OFDM-random in weak-target detection. At high mobility, the AFDM receiver using the discrete affine Fourier transform (DAFT) can resolve integer Doppler beyond the conventional slow-time maximum unambiguous velocity, outperforming the tested conventional OFDM and AFDM receivers at the increased search complexity. These results separate the effects of waveform, pilot placement, and receiver processing, providing a basis for AFDM and OFDM pilot-based sensing design.