HER2阳性晚期乳腺癌治疗格局的演进与挑战
HER2表达丢失或转化,导致对抗HER2靶向治疗的敏感性降低; 复杂的耐药机制,包括基因突变、药物外排泵上调、细胞凋亡逃避以及免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境重塑; ADC耐药后,HER2低表达及超低表达疾病中缺乏明确的分子靶点; 治疗限制性毒性,尤其是间质性肺病,可能导致治疗提前终止。
T-DXd耐药的多维度机制解析
基于耐药机制的后续治疗策略探索
更换载荷类别以规避拓扑异构酶I抑制剂诱导的耐药机制; 切换靶点以应对HER2下调或丢失后的靶点空窗; 优化抗体或连接子设计以增强肿瘤选择性和内吞效率。
初始ADC治疗; 随后进入非ADC治疗阶段; 最后采用机制迥异的ADC进行再次给药。
总结与展望
参考文献:
[1]Wen X, et al. Resistance mechanisms and post-trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) strategies in HER2 positive and HER2 low breast cancer: From biology to clinic. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2026;221:105179.
[2]Mosele F, et al. Trastuzumab deruxtecan in metastatic breast cancer with variable HER2 expression: the phase 2 DAISY trial. Nat Med 29, 2110–2120 (2023).
[3]Abelman RO, et al. TOP1 mutations and cross-resistance to antibody-drug conjugates in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2025;31(10):1966-1974.
[4]Tarantino P, et al. Outcomes with trastuzumab deruxtecan by biomarker status, line of treatment and prior receipt of sacituzumab govitecan in a large real-world database of patients with metastatic breast cancer. ESMO Open. 2025;10(7):105330.
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