arXiv:2610.01060v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Accurate glioma segmentation across pre- and post-treatment MRI remains challenging because treatment alters both image appearance and the target regions. In particular, the resection cavity (RC) is defined only for post-treatment cases, complicating joint learning from pooled data. We present RC-aware nnU-Netv2, a simple yet effective glioma segmentation framework that combines lesion- and boundary-aware single-cohort training, an RC-aware joint learning objective, and treatment-status-guided model routing at inference. During pooled training, the joint objective applies both standard and boundary-weighted binary cross-entropy to all four region channels, while employing Dice supervision for channels with non-empty targets and a controlled false-positive penalty for channels with empty targets across the mini-batch. This design explicitly accommodates the absence of RC in pre-treatment cases. Our approach uses only the standard nnU-Netv2 data augmentation and a single specialized model per case, without additional synthetic tumor generation or multi-model ensembling. RC-aware nnU-Netv2 ranked second in the BraTS 2025 Lighthouse Challenge Task 1 (BraTS-GLI 2025), with segmentation performance comparable to that of the first-place method, which relied on on-the-fly GliGAN-based synthetic tumor augmentation and multi-model ensembling. On the official blind test set, our method achieved mean lesion-wise Dice scores of 0.7878, 0.8709, 0.7923, and 0.8715 and mean NSD@1.0 scores of 0.8309, 0.8712, 0.7980, and 0.8336 for enhancing tumor, RC, tumor core, and whole tumor, respectively. In paired post-treatment analysis, the RC-aware joint model improved mean lesion-wise Dice by 0.042 (95% CI: [0.028, 0.057]) and mean NSD@1.0 by 0.043 (95% CI: [0.028, 0.059]) compared with the joint baseline.